chore(release): 1.5.16 — strict multi-agent tab isolation on the relay

Several agents (and other tools opening tabs) share one real Chrome via the
relay. Previously every session adopted ALL tabs from Target.getTargets, so
another agent's tab churn polluted the list, dropped the tab being driven, and
drifted commands onto the wrong page (the W-8BEN tax tab vanished mid-flow when a
concurrent iphone-use agent opened tabs).

A tab group belongs to exactly one agent. On the relay a session now tracks and
drives ONLY the tabs it created (its own colored group) plus pop-ups its own
clicks open — it never adopts the user's or other agents' tabs:

- discover_and_attach (relay): create the session's own tab and pin it; do not
  adopt any existing foreign tab.
- resync_targets (relay): never adopt unknown targets; never prune the session's
  tabs on a single getTargets snapshot (multi-agent churn / cross-process-nav
  gaps routinely omit live tabs) — prune only after RELAY_PRUNE_MISSES
  consecutive absent snapshots (debounced), pinned active always protected.
- adopt_newly_opened: a tab that appears right after this session's action is a
  pop-up we opened — record it as owned.

Launched browsers (every tab ours) keep adopting all tabs. Adds debounced_prune_ids
+ unit tests for the churn tolerance.

cli/Cargo.lock

@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ checksum = "613afe47fcd5fac7ccf1db93babcb082c5994d996f20b8b159f2ad1658eb5724"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "chrome-use"
-version = "1.5.15"
+version = "1.5.16"
 dependencies = [
  "aes",
  "aes-gcm",

cli/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "chrome-use"
-version = "1.5.15"
+version = "1.5.16"
 edition = "2021"
 description = "Fast browser automation CLI for AI agents"
 license = "Apache-2.0"

cli/src/native/browser.rs

@@ -235,6 +235,43 @@ fn prunable_target_ids(
         .collect()
 }
 
+/// Consecutive missing `getTargets` snapshots before an owned relay tab is
+/// pruned. >1 so a single churning/partial snapshot (other agents opening/closing
+/// tabs) or a brief cross-process-nav gap can't drop the tab the agent is driving.
+const RELAY_PRUNE_MISSES: u32 = 3;
+
+/// Debounced prune for the relay: target ids to drop, mutating per-target miss
+/// counters. A tab in `live_ids` resets to 0; an absent (non-pinned) tab
+/// increments and is pruned only at `RELAY_PRUNE_MISSES`. Counters for
+/// no-longer-tracked targets are forgotten. Pure, so the multi-agent churn
+/// tolerance is unit-testable without a live browser.
+fn debounced_prune_ids(
+    pages: &[PageInfo],
+    live_ids: &HashSet<String>,
+    pinned: Option<&str>,
+    misses: &mut HashMap<String, u32>,
+) -> Vec<String> {
+    let tracked: HashSet<&str> = pages.iter().map(|p| p.target_id.as_str()).collect();
+    misses.retain(|tid, _| tracked.contains(tid.as_str()));
+    let mut prune = Vec::new();
+    for p in pages {
+        let tid = p.target_id.as_str();
+        if live_ids.contains(tid) {
+            misses.remove(tid);
+            continue;
+        }
+        if pinned == Some(tid) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let c = misses.entry(p.target_id.clone()).or_insert(0);
+        *c += 1;
+        if *c >= RELAY_PRUNE_MISSES {
+            prune.push(p.target_id.clone());
+        }
+    }
+    prune
+}
+
 /// Whether the resolved active page is a tab the session created (its target_id
 /// is in `created_targets`). Pure core of [`BrowserManager::active_is_session_owned`]
 /// so the relay no-hijack rule is unit-testable without a live browser.
@@ -464,6 +501,14 @@ pub struct BrowserManager {
     /// the session's commands onto the wrong page — the wrong-origin-fetch hazard
     /// in the dogfood reports. Falls back to the index if the pinned tab is gone.
     active_target_id: Option<String>,
+    /// Per-target count of CONSECUTIVE `resync_targets` snapshots in which an
+    /// owned tab was missing from `Target.getTargets`. Over the relay a single
+    /// snapshot routinely omits live tabs (multi-agent churn, a cross-process nav
+    /// briefly dropping the target), so we must not prune on one miss — that lost
+    /// the tab the agent was driving. A tab is removed only after it's been absent
+    /// for `RELAY_PRUNE_MISSES` consecutive snapshots; any snapshot that includes
+    /// it resets the counter. Keyed by stable target_id.
+    relay_target_misses: HashMap<String, u32>,
     next_tab_id: u32,
     /// Whether to enable the CDP `Runtime` domain (console / error / exception capture).
     /// OFF by default for stealth: a live `Runtime.enable` is a detectable CDP signal
@@ -600,6 +645,7 @@ impl BrowserManager {
                 visited_origins: HashSet::new(),
                 created_targets: HashSet::new(),
                 active_target_id: None,
+                relay_target_misses: HashMap::new(),
                 next_tab_id: 1,
                 capture_console: console_capture_enabled(),
             };
@@ -702,6 +748,7 @@ impl BrowserManager {
             visited_origins: HashSet::new(),
             created_targets: HashSet::new(),
             active_target_id: None,
+            relay_target_misses: HashMap::new(),
             next_tab_id: 1,
             capture_console: console_capture_enabled(),
         };
@@ -823,7 +870,19 @@ impl BrowserManager {
             self.active_page_index = 0;
             self.pin_active_target();
             self.enable_domains(&attach_result.session_id).await?;
+        } else if self.agent_group().is_some() {
+            // STRICT MULTI-AGENT ISOLATION (relay / the user's real Chrome).
+            // `page_targets` here are the USER's and OTHER agents' tabs. A tab
+            // group belongs to exactly ONE agent, so this session must NOT adopt
+            // any of them — it tracks ONLY tabs it creates (its own colored group)
+            // plus popups it opens. Adopting foreign tabs is precisely what let
+            // another concurrent agent's tab churn drop the tab we were driving and
+            // drift eval/click onto the wrong page (multi-agent failure). Open our
+            // own dedicated background tab in the session's group and pin it; the
+            // user's / other agents' tabs stay invisible to us.
+            self.tab_new(None, None).await?;
         } else {
+            // A browser WE launched: every tab is ours, so adopt them all.
             for target in &page_targets {
                 let attach_result: AttachToTargetResult = self
                     .client
@@ -849,24 +908,10 @@ impl BrowserManager {
                     target_type: target.target_type.clone(),
                 });
             }
-
+            self.active_page_index = 0;
-            if self.agent_group().is_some() {
+            self.pin_active_target();
-                // Relay: the adopted tabs above are the USER's, in their real
+            let session_id = self.pages[0].session_id.clone();
-                // Chrome. NEVER make one of them the agent's working tab — that is
+            self.enable_domains(&session_id).await?;
-                // how commands drifted onto whatever page the user was viewing
-                // between steps (eval/click/get landed on the user's foreground
-                // tab; #35). Open our own dedicated background tab in the session's
-                // group and pin THAT as active. The user's tabs stay adopted (so
-                // `tab list` / explicit `tab switch` can reach them) but are never
-                // auto-selected — the agent only ever drives a tab it owns.
-                self.tab_new(None, None).await?;
-            } else {
-                // A browser we launched: every tab is ours, so the first is fine.
-                self.active_page_index = 0;
-                self.pin_active_target();
-                let session_id = self.pages[0].session_id.clone();
-                self.enable_domains(&session_id).await?;
-            }
         }
 
         Ok(())
@@ -1557,6 +1602,11 @@ impl BrowserManager {
                 title: sanitize_title(&target.title),
                 target_type: target.target_type.clone(),
             };
+            // A tab that appeared right after THIS session's action (a click that
+            // opened a popup/new tab) is ours — record it as owned so it's tracked,
+            // protected from churn-pruning, and cleaned up on close, consistent with
+            // strict multi-agent isolation (we only ever own tabs we created/opened).
+            self.created_targets.insert(target.target_id.clone());
             self.add_background_page(page.clone());
             let _ = self.enable_domains(&attach.session_id).await;
             if opened.is_none() {
@@ -1584,13 +1634,19 @@ impl BrowserManager {
             .filter(should_track_target)
             .collect();
         let live_ids: HashSet<String> = live.iter().map(|t| t.target_id.clone()).collect();
+        let on_relay = self.agent_group().is_some();
 
         for target in &live {
             if self.update_page_target_info(target) {
                 continue;
             }
-            // A target this session hasn't tracked yet — attach and add it in the
+            // STRICT MULTI-AGENT ISOLATION: on the relay (the user's real Chrome,
-            // background so it's listable/adoptable without stealing the active tab.
+            // shared with other agents), NEVER adopt a tab this session didn't
+            // create — it belongs to the user or another agent's group. Only a
+            // browser we launched (every tab ours) adopts unknown targets.
+            if on_relay {
+                continue;
+            }
             let attach_result: AttachToTargetResult = match self
                 .client
                 .send_command_typed(
@@ -1621,12 +1677,26 @@ impl BrowserManager {
             let _ = self.enable_domains(&attach_result.session_id).await;
         }
 
-        // Drop tabs that no longer exist so `tab list` doesn't show phantom rows —
+        // Prune tabs that are gone. On a LAUNCHED browser a missing target really
-        // but never prune the explicitly-pinned active target on a transient
+        // is closed, so prune immediately. On the RELAY a single `getTargets`
-        // getTargets snapshot (issue #31; see `prunable_target_ids`).
+        // snapshot routinely omits live tabs (multi-agent churn, a brief
-        let gone = prunable_target_ids(&self.pages, &live_ids, self.active_target_id.as_deref());
+        // cross-process-nav gap) — dropping the tab we're driving on one bad
-        for tid in gone {
+        // snapshot is the failure we're fixing — so prune only after the tab has
-            self.remove_page_by_target_id(&tid);
+        // been absent for several CONSECUTIVE snapshots (debounced). The pinned
+        // active target is protected either way (issue #31).
+        let gone = if on_relay {
+            debounced_prune_ids(
+                &self.pages,
+                &live_ids,
+                self.active_target_id.as_deref(),
+                &mut self.relay_target_misses,
+            )
+        } else {
+            prunable_target_ids(&self.pages, &live_ids, self.active_target_id.as_deref())
+        };
+        for tid in &gone {
+            self.relay_target_misses.remove(tid);
+            self.remove_page_by_target_id(tid);
         }
 
         // Refresh url/title from each live tab. The relay only stamps target_info
@@ -2536,6 +2606,7 @@ async fn initialize_lightpanda_manager(
             visited_origins: HashSet::new(),
             created_targets: HashSet::new(),
             active_target_id: None,
+            relay_target_misses: HashMap::new(),
             next_tab_id: 1,
             capture_console: console_capture_enabled(),
         };
@@ -2992,6 +3063,43 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn debounced_prune_tolerates_transient_churn() {
+        // Multi-agent churn: a single getTargets snapshot omits our owned tab "B"
+        // (another agent opened/closed tabs). It must NOT be pruned on one miss.
+        let pages = vec![page("A"), page("B")];
+        let mut misses = HashMap::new();
+        let empty: HashSet<String> = HashSet::new();
+        // Misses 1 and 2: B absent but under threshold → not pruned.
+        assert!(debounced_prune_ids(&pages, &empty, Some("A"), &mut misses).is_empty());
+        assert!(debounced_prune_ids(&pages, &empty, Some("A"), &mut misses).is_empty());
+        // Miss 3 (== RELAY_PRUNE_MISSES): genuinely gone → pruned.
+        assert_eq!(
+            debounced_prune_ids(&pages, &empty, Some("A"), &mut misses),
+            vec!["B".to_string()]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn debounced_prune_resets_on_reappearance_and_protects_pin() {
+        let pages = vec![page("A"), page("B")];
+        let mut misses = HashMap::new();
+        let empty: HashSet<String> = HashSet::new();
+        let mut live_b: HashSet<String> = HashSet::new();
+        live_b.insert("B".to_string());
+        // Two misses for B, then it reappears → counter resets, so it survives
+        // indefinitely under intermittent churn.
+        debounced_prune_ids(&pages, &empty, Some("A"), &mut misses);
+        debounced_prune_ids(&pages, &empty, Some("A"), &mut misses);
+        assert!(debounced_prune_ids(&pages, &live_b, Some("A"), &mut misses).is_empty());
+        assert!(debounced_prune_ids(&pages, &empty, Some("A"), &mut misses).is_empty()); // back to miss 1
+                                                                                         // The pinned active "A" is never pruned no matter how many misses.
+        for _ in 0..5 {
+            let gone = debounced_prune_ids(&pages, &empty, Some("A"), &mut misses);
+            assert!(!gone.contains(&"A".to_string()));
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn resolve_active_index_pin_survives_passive_background_tab() {
         // A foreign tab ("Z") gets appended by passive discovery after we pinned

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "chrome-use",
-  "version": "1.5.15",
+  "version": "1.5.16",
   "description": "chrome-use — drive your real, logged-in Chrome from any AI agent, stealth by default",
   "type": "module",
   "packageManager": "pnpm@11.1.3",

skill-data/core/SKILL.md

@@ -131,7 +131,17 @@ Each `--session` that connects gets its **own colored Chrome tab group** (named
 after the session) and drives only its own tabs — multiple agents share the one
 real browser without cross-talk, and the user's own tabs are never grouped. CDP
 drives the page without moving the user's mouse/keyboard, so it doesn't fight
-them for control. **Anti-detection ranking: this real logged-in Chrome (extension
+them for control.
+
+**Strict multi-agent isolation.** A session over the relay tracks and drives
+**only the tabs it created** (its own group) plus pop-ups its own clicks open. It
+does **not** adopt the user's existing tabs or other agents' tabs, so several
+agents (and other tools opening tabs) can work in the same real Chrome
+concurrently without ever dropping or stealing each other's tabs — another
+agent's tab churn can't make your bound tab vanish or drift your commands onto the
+wrong page. Consequence: `tab list` shows only *your* session's tabs; to drive a
+specific pre-existing tab, navigate to it in your own tab instead of expecting it
+in the list. **Anti-detection ranking: this real logged-in Chrome (extension
 connect) > a headed launched browser > headless (forbidden).** A genuine human
 browser has no headless/automation tells at all, so prefer it for anything
 anti-bot-sensitive.